This is the second in a series of articles focusing on frequently ignored health problems. Perhaps a better description would be that the health problem is accepted without actively trying to find a solution that cures or minimizes symptoms. Sinusitis is one of those conditions. Most people have talked to someone who frequently sniffs or blows his or her nose. Some people even blow their noses at the dinner table. Am I the only one who is bothered when that happens? The frequent explanation is, “Oh, its my sinuses.”

     Sinusitis is one of the most common diseases in the United States, affecting an estimated 15% of the population. (CBS HealthWatch by Medscape) There are four pairs of sinuses–one pair in each of the following places: behind the forehead (above eyes), behind the eyes, between the eyes and behind the cheekbones. Normal, healthy sinuses have clear, free flowing mucus that helps move pollutants and trap bacteria. It also contains antibodies to fight the bacteria. The mucus is moved along by cilia, which are small hair-like projections. If there are blockages, this drainage process is hampered, and bacteria can build up. Blockages can be causes by allergies, colds or abnormalities in the nasal passages. This can cause an infection.

     Sinus infections can be acute or chronic. Acute sinusitis lasts for about ten days and occurs less that four times a year. Chronic sinusitis lasts eight weeks or longer and occurs more often. Chronic sinusitis can lead to tissue damage. The build up of bacteria or fungi can cause the sinuses to become infected. Untreated acute sinusitis can lead to chronic sinusitis. 

     Sinus abnormalities can be found in children and adults suffering from asthma, allergic rhinitis (hay fever), gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD), infections from poor dental hygiene, change in atmospheric pressure (flying or high altitude climbing) or smoking. Smoking damages the cilia in the nasal passages, preventing the mucus from being moved along adequately. Air pollution, including second hand smoke, is another culprit. Patients with diabetes and conditions that weaken the immune system are more prone to sinus problems.

     The symptoms of acute sinusitis are usually thick, yellowish or yellow-green discharge, headache and cough. Other symptoms can occur that are associated with post nasal drip, like a sore throat, and when there is an accompanying cold. With chronic sinusitis, there is a chronic cough, bad breath and depending on which sinuses are effected, headaches, facial pain or pressure, tooth pain or eye pain. It can also cause a less sensitive sense of taste or smell.

     It is always important to have the proper diagnosis because symptoms are not always clear-cut. Headaches can be a symptom for a number of problems, as can coughs, sore throats and facial or tooth pain. Therefore, it is important to see your physician. With the regimen your doctor orders for your sinus problem, be it acute or chronic, you can do some helpful things at home. First, there is hydration. Drinking plenty of fluids is always important. It helps keep the mucus membranes moist and able to carry out their work. Humidifying the air is good, especially in the winter when the air in homes get dry from the heating. Taking steamy showers, using a facial sauna or a vaporizer can bring relief. Nasal washes can help. If you are not sure how to do that, ask your healthcare professional for suggestions. There are over the counter medications that bring relief. Ask your physician or pharmacist what would be helpful.

     It is important to tell your healthcare professional what other medicines (including vitamins and herbals) you are taking and the health conditions you have. This knowledge can influence what should be prescribed and what other diagnoses might be considered.

     Chronic sinusitis left unmanaged, leads to increased and spreading infections. A chronic infection leaves one feeling tired all the time. Worse than that, the infection can spread to the brain, through bones or the blood, causing life-threatening problems such as abscesses and meningitis.

     During the course of this and any other health problems, especially ones where there are body fluids involved, hygiene is essential. That means good hand washing, scrupulous handling of tissues and the avoidance of coughing and sneezing on anyone.

     Make the optimum treatment and handling of health problems your wellness goal, for you and your loved ones. 
© 2001 Joy B. Burch, RN All rights reserved. 

This is the second in a series of articles about often ignored health problems.